A Law on stimulating R&D activities has passed the Parliament in October 2003. It declared R&D are a national priority and that they have strategic influence to the country’s development. The strategy for science, technology and innovation has been...

In Georgia R&D activities are modest. The Ministry of Education and Science responsible for the policy development in the area of Research and Innovation is in the process of being restructured. Therefore, there is currently no national R&D...

Over the last ten years, the national strategy for R&D in Greece has been formulated in such a way to encourage and support both public and industrial research. The gross expenditure in R&D has been steadily rising from 0,20% in 1980s to 0,68% in...

Following Moldova’s independence, R&D expenditures faced a constant declineIn the last decade budget allocations for science from the GDP decreased from 0,76 % in 1991 to 0,2 % in 2002. This level of funding from the state budget is lower not only...

In Romania, the institutional R&D system created after 1990 was characterized by extreme fragility caused by the lack of a law capable of regulating the general concept of R&D, the institutions and functional mechanisms. The political factor had a...

The system of R&D funding in Russia is characterised by the fact, also actively stressed by interview participants, that the core funding of the state-owned organisations is very low and R&D institutes are permanently in search of additional funding....

There was a considerable structural change in the R&D system in Serbia ans Montenegro, which can be seen when looking at R&D expenditures by sources of funds, but is also reflected in the distribution of human resources in the respective R&D...

The main proposition within the framework of the Turkish S&T Policy was that Turkey has to establish its National Innovation System in order to enhance its ability in science and technology, and to get the capability of transforming science and...

The Ukrainian RTD had been a leader in many areas of research, in particular in space studies, theoretical physics, mathematics, the welding industry, protective and reinforcing coatings and biotechnologies. By many criteria, the Ukrainian S&T...