Namibia has acacias and sand in abundance. Acacia mellifera and Dichrostachys cinerea in particular change the biodiversity of plants and animals by bush encroachment, and in doing so pose a threat to entire ecosystems. In order to halt their growth, the shrubs have up to now simply been cut down and used as fuel.
The INM, in partnership with the UNAM University and Polytechnic of Namibia along with the Namibian Business & Innovation Centre (NBIC), is keen to find a way to use the proliferous bushes in the form of ecologically certified basic wood materials as sustainable building materials. Their aim in this is to use sand from Namibia’s desert and the natural ingredients in acacias as components of an adhesive that they can combine with the acacia wood to produce simple construction panels similar to chipboard. The sale of these materials in Africa and exports will at the same time provide a boost for economic prosperity in Africa, and means that sand and scrub will remain in a cycle that is both sustainable and environmentally friendly, beneficial to the economy and socially acceptable, according to Rainer Hanselmann, Head of Sales at the INM.
“Typical binders used today for wood chipboards are composed of industrial polymers and resins, some of which are highly flammable”, explains Ingrid Weiss, Head of the Biomineralization Program Division. In her opinion, “the development of alternative binders made from inorganic precursors based on INM technology will pave the way for manufacturing materials that are highly heat-resistant, water-repellent and antimicrobicidal. But for economic purposes this technology is far too expensive”.
“As the basis of our new "Namib" binder, we will be using sand directly from the desert and first of all turn it into glass using simple, proven processes with potassium carbonate”, says the biologist. “This glass is then powdered and converted to a “water glass suspension”. Other components, such as certain hydrocarbons, would be provided by the acacias themselves. And this is the point where the new development in the sustainable process kicks in.
There are a number of varieties of acacia bushes in Namibia, including Acacia mellifera, Acacia reficiens, Dichrostachys cinerea, Colophospermum mopane, Terminalia sericea and Rhigozum trichotomum. “In order to be able to use these as building materials and binders, we need to analyse them systematically and first of all establish which components, for example rubber, phenolic resins or lignin, they contain and how – carefully extracted and combined – they could be suitable for flame-resistant and durable building materials”, explains expert Ingrid Weiss. “Plants contain a wide variety of species-specific natural substances, the use of which has not up to now been explored. Working closely with our African colleagues and junior scientists, we can provide input by tapping into the variety and complexity of these natural substances. Because only then can locally unique and ecologically significant value chains be generated in the long term.”
Until now, physical and chemical data on a project such as this has not been available. “We regard NaMiBIND as a pilot study which, if successful, can be translated to other regions and other types of wood”, sums up the expert on biomineralization. Ultimately, natural building materials are a key element in sustainability across the globe for keeping raw materials in an ecological economic cycle.
Background:
“Natural and Mineral-based Binders for the ecological building material Industry” (NaMiBIND) has been nominated by the BMBF as part of the “Partnerships for sustainable solutions with Sub-Saharan Africa” promotion as one of the first projects of its type with outstanding recovery potential. It is scheduled to run for two years, with funding of 250,000 euros. NaMiBIND is a cooperative venture involving the Biomineralization Program Division of the INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials and the UNAM University and Polytechnic of Namibia, along with the Namibian Business & Innovation Centre (NBIC).
INM conducts research and development to create new materials – for today, tomorrow and beyond. Chemists, physicists, biologists, materials scientists and engineers team up to focus on these essential questions: Which material properties are new, how can they be investigated and how can they be tailored for industrial applications in the future? Four research thrusts determine the current developments at INM: New materials for energy application, new concepts for medical surfaces, new surface materials for tribological applications and nano safety and nano bio. Research at INM is performed in three fields: Nanocomposite Technology, Interface Materials, and Bio Interfaces.
Contact:
Dr. Ingrid Weiss
INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials
Head of Biomineralization
Phone: +490681-9300-318
